{
  "name": "Optical transceiver manufacturers, compared",
  "url": "https://opticaltransceiverlist.com/",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "cite": "Optical Transceiver List, https://opticaltransceiverlist.com/",
  "updated": "2026-11-11",
  "fields": [
    {
      "key": "role",
      "label": "Role",
      "type": "enum",
      "description": "Where the company sits in the optics supply chain: pluggable module maker, DSP and chip supplier, laser and component maker, network OEM that sells its own optics, contract manufacturer, optical I/O and co-packaged optics developer, or active electrical cable maker.",
      "filterable": true,
      "enumValues": [
        "Module maker",
        "DSP & chips",
        "Lasers & components",
        "Network OEM",
        "Contract manufacturer",
        "Optical I/O & CPO",
        "Active cables"
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "top_speed",
      "label": "Top speed",
      "type": "number",
      "unit": "Gb/s",
      "description": "Highest module or chip application rate documented in the cited sources, in Gb/s (1600 = 1.6T). A historical catalog or announcement is not proof of today’s maximum or volume shipments."
    },
    {
      "key": "speeds",
      "label": "Speeds",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Data-center speed grades in the current portfolio, as the company lists them.",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "status_16t",
      "label": "1.6T status",
      "type": "enum",
      "description": "Evidence for the 1.6T module or chip: volume/revenue shipping, customer sampling, or public demo/announcement. Blank means no dated status established; inspect the source date.",
      "filterable": true,
      "enumValues": [
        "Shipping",
        "Sampling",
        "Demonstrated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "key": "form_factors",
      "label": "Form factors",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Pluggable form factors offered (QSFP28, QSFP56, QSFP112, QSFP-DD, OSFP, OSFP-XD and so on), or the package type for chips and engines.",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "lpo",
      "label": "LPO / LRO",
      "type": "bool",
      "description": "Offers linear pluggable optics (LPO) or linear receive optics (LRO), or the drivers, TIAs or DSPs built for them.",
      "filterable": true
    },
    {
      "key": "cpo",
      "label": "CPO / optical I/O",
      "type": "bool",
      "description": "Offers co-packaged optics, optical engines for CPO, or optical I/O chiplets.",
      "filterable": true
    },
    {
      "key": "silicon_photonics",
      "label": "Silicon photonics",
      "type": "bool",
      "description": "Identifies silicon photonics in a published product, design or demonstration. This flag does not establish volume shipments.",
      "filterable": true
    },
    {
      "key": "coherent_pluggables",
      "label": "Coherent (ZR)",
      "type": "bool",
      "description": "Offers coherent pluggables or coherent DSPs (400ZR, ZR+, 800ZR) for data center interconnect.",
      "filterable": true
    },
    {
      "key": "laser_types",
      "label": "Lasers",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Laser technologies the company makes or uses: VCSEL, EML, DML, CW lasers for silicon photonics, or tunable lasers.",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "reaches",
      "label": "Reaches",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Reach classes offered, from SR (multimode, about 100 m) through DR, FR and LR (single-mode, 500 m to 10 km) to ZR (80 km and beyond).",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "customers",
      "label": "Named customers",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Hyperscaler or major customers the company or its filings name publicly.",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "revenue",
      "label": "Revenue",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Reported annual revenue in the original currency and fiscal year. Figures may cover an entire group and periods differ; this is not an optics market-share ranking.",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "optics_share",
      "label": "Optics revenue share",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Share or amount of revenue from optical transceivers, datacom or the relevant segment, where a filing or earnings release states it.",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "listing",
      "label": "Listing",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Stock exchange and ticker, or Private."
    },
    {
      "key": "manufacturing",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Countries where the company states it manufactures.",
      "sortable": false
    },
    {
      "key": "parent",
      "label": "Parent",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Owner company for subsidiaries and acquired businesses."
    }
  ],
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "accelink",
      "name": "Accelink",
      "url": "https://www.accelink.com/",
      "summary": "Accelink, based in Wuhan, makes optical chips, transceivers and DWDM components, from a 1.6T OSFP224 DR8 and 800G LPO modules to a 400G L-band CFP2-DCO coherent module, and is building a silicon photonic chip line.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "lpo",
        "coherent",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "china"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP224, OSFP, CFP2-DCO",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "1.6T DR8; 800G DR8, 2xFR4; 400G coherent L-band",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": "CN¥11.93B (FY2025, consolidated)",
        "optics_share": "Data and access: CN¥8.46B, 70.94% of FY2025 revenue; includes more than transceivers",
        "listing": "SZSE: 002281",
        "manufacturing": "China (Wuhan)",
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.accelink.com/",
          "title": "Accelink: company site (1.6T OSFP224 DR8, 400G CFP2 DCO, silicon photonic chip project)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "manufacturing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oiforum.com/wp-content/uploads/OIF_PLL_Demo_CICT_Accelink_OFC2024.pdf",
          "title": "OIF: CICT Accelink linear pluggable demo, OFC 2024",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "lpo",
            "reaches",
            "speeds"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-04-23/1225148212.PDF",
          "title": "Accelink FY2025 annual report (CNINFO): company information and revenue tables",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue",
            "listing",
            "optics_share"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "amphenol",
      "name": "Amphenol (XGIGA)",
      "url": "https://www.amphenol-cs.com/",
      "summary": "Amphenol offers 1.6T OSFP transceivers in fully retimed and linear receive variants. The catalog includes DR8 and dual-DR4 configurations with integrated or riding heat sinks.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "1.6T, 200G per lane",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP IHS, OSFP RHS",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "DR8, 2xDR4",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.amphenol-cs.com/product-series/1-6t-osfp-transceivers.html",
          "title": "Amphenol 1.6T OSFP catalog: FRO and LRO variants",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "applied-optoelectronics",
      "name": "Applied Optoelectronics",
      "url": "https://ao-inc.com/",
      "summary": "Applied Optoelectronics (AOI) makes its own lasers and transceivers in Texas, Taiwan and China and began shipping 800G modules to a large hyperscale customer in Q1 2026. Data center sales were US$195.7M of US$455.7M in 2025.",
      "tags": [
        "800g",
        "1-6t",
        "us-made",
        "hyperscale"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 800,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G; 800G and 1.6T capacity build-out",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": "A large hyperscale customer (800G, from Q1 2026)",
        "revenue": "US$455.7M (FY2025)",
        "optics_share": "Data center US$195.7M, 42.9% of 2025 revenue",
        "listing": "NASDAQ: AAOI",
        "manufacturing": "US, Taiwan, China",
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001158114/000110465926048577/tm264816d2_ars.pdf",
          "title": "Applied Optoelectronics: 2025 annual report",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "revenue",
            "optics_share",
            "listing",
            "manufacturing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/05/07/3290613/9986/en/applied-optoelectronics-reports-first-quarter-2026-results.html",
          "title": "Applied Optoelectronics: first quarter 2026 results (7 May 2026)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "customers"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1158114/000168316826006055/aaoi_ex9901.htm",
          "title": "Applied Optoelectronics: second quarter 2026 results",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "arista",
      "name": "Arista Networks",
      "url": "https://www.arista.com/",
      "summary": "Arista sells branded 800G OSFP and QSFP-DD optics, including three LPO OSFP types rated below 9 W versus 16 W for the listed retimed 800G types. Its transceiver guide also lists an 800G ZR/ZR+ OSFP module.",
      "tags": [
        "800g",
        "lpo",
        "oem-optics",
        "coherent"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Network OEM",
        "top_speed": 800,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP, QSFP-DD",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "LPO 2DR4 and DR8 (500 m), 2FR4 (2 km); LPO AOC 1–50 m",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.arista.com/assets/data/pdf/Datasheets/Transceiver-Data-Sheet.pdf",
          "title": "Arista optics modules and cables data sheet",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.arista.com/assets/data/pdf/Transceiver-Guide.pdf",
          "title": "Arista transceiver guide: LPO-800G and OSFP-800G-ZRP parts",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "lpo",
            "reaches",
            "coherent_pluggables"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "axt",
      "name": "AXT",
      "url": "https://www.axt.com/",
      "summary": "AXT makes the indium phosphide and gallium arsenide wafers that transceiver lasers are grown on, in Beijing, Kazuo and Dingxing through its subsidiary Tongmei.",
      "tags": [
        "substrates",
        "indium-phosphide",
        "components"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": null,
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "InP and GaAs substrates for lasers",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NASDAQ: AXTI",
        "manufacturing": "China (Beijing, Kazuo, Dingxing)",
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.axt.com/",
          "title": "AXT: company site",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "listing",
            "manufacturing",
            "laser_types"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ayar-labs",
      "name": "Ayar Labs",
      "url": "https://ayarlabs.com/",
      "summary": "Ayar Labs makes TeraPHY optical I/O chiplets that sit in the package next to GPUs and switches, now 8 Tb/s over UCIe, fed by its SuperNova 16-wavelength external light source.",
      "tags": [
        "optical-io",
        "cpo",
        "scale-up",
        "ucie"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Optical I/O & CPO",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": "8 Tb/s aggregate TeraPHY UCIe optical I/O chiplet",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "UCIe optical chiplet",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "SuperNova external CW-WDM light source (16 wavelengths)",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://ayarlabs.com/news/ayar-labs-unveils-worlds-first-ucie-optical-chiplet-for-ai-scale-up-architectures/",
          "title": "Ayar Labs: first UCIe optical chiplet for AI scale-up (31 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "cpo",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ayarlabs.com/supernova/",
          "title": "Ayar Labs: SuperNova light source",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "laser_types"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "broadcom",
      "name": "Broadcom",
      "url": "https://www.broadcom.com/",
      "summary": "Broadcom sells the PAM4 DSPs, VCSELs and EMLs that module makers build 800G and 1.6T optics around, and ships Tomahawk 6 Davisson, a 102.4 Tb/s switch with co-packaged optics. Its 3 nm Sian3 DSP targets sub-23 W 1.6T modules.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "dsp",
        "cpo",
        "vcsel",
        "eml",
        "silicon-photonics"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "DSP & chips",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T; 400G/lane Taurus DSP for 3.2T (OFC 2026)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "DSP and laser chips; CPO switch (Tomahawk 6 Davisson, 102.4 Tb/s)",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "200G VCSEL, 200G EML, 400G EML",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NASDAQ: AVGO",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.broadcom.com/company/news/product-releases/62986",
          "title": "Broadcom: Sian3 200G/lane DSP PHY for 800G and 1.6T optics",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "listing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://investors.broadcom.com/news-releases/news-release-details/broadcom-announces-tomahawkr-6-davisson-industrys-first-1024",
          "title": "Broadcom: Tomahawk 6 Davisson, 102.4 Tbps co-packaged optics Ethernet switch",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "cpo",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://investors.broadcom.com/node/63021/pdf",
          "title": "Broadcom: optical connectivity for AI infrastructure at OFC 2025 (Sian2M, 200G VCSEL)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "laser_types"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://investors.broadcom.com/node/64036/pdf",
          "title": "Broadcom: solutions for scaling AI at OFC 2026 (Taurus 400G/lane DSP, 400G EML)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "laser_types"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "cig",
      "name": "Cambridge Industries Group (CIG)",
      "url": "https://www.cigtech.com/",
      "summary": "CIG demonstrated 1.6T and 800G transceivers at OFC 2025, with silicon photonics and EML designs. Its portfolio also includes 800G LPO and LRO modules.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": "Demonstrated",
        "form_factors": "OSFP IHS, OSFP RHS, QSFP-DD; QSFP112 (400G)",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "EML; silicon photonics designs",
        "reaches": "1.6T DR8/2xDR4, 2xFR4; 800G 2xLR4 up to 10 km",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cigtech.com/Press/Info/11847?year=2024",
          "title": "CIG OFC 2025: live 1.6T, 800G and LPO/LRO demonstrations (2 Apr 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "status_16t",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "laser_types",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "celestial-ai",
      "name": "Celestial AI",
      "url": "https://www.marvell.com/ai.html",
      "summary": "Celestial AI built the Photonic Fabric, an optical I/O chiplet that co-packages with XPUs and scale-up switches, with 16 Tb/s per first-generation chiplet. Marvell closed its US$3.25B upfront acquisition on 2 February 2026.",
      "tags": [
        "optical-io",
        "cpo",
        "scale-up",
        "acquired"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Optical I/O & CPO",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": "16 Tb/s per first-generation Photonic Fabric chiplet",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "Optical I/O chiplet, 3D co-packaged with XPUs and switches",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "Private until acquired by Marvell (NASDAQ: MRVL)",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": "Marvell (acquired Feb 2026)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://investor.marvell.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1000/marvell-to-acquire-celestial-ai-accelerating-scale-up-connectivity-for-next-generation-data-centers",
          "title": "Marvell to acquire Celestial AI (2 Dec 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "cpo",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.marvell.com/company/newsroom/marvell-completes-acquisition-of-celestial-ai.html",
          "title": "Marvell completes acquisition of Celestial AI",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "parent",
            "listing"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ciena",
      "name": "Ciena",
      "url": "https://www.ciena.com/",
      "summary": "Ciena offers WaveLogic 6 Nano coherent pluggables, including 800ZR/ZR+ and a 1.6 Tb/s Coherent-Lite design for data center fabric and campus links. The latter supports dual 800G data paths within one 3 nm DSP.",
      "tags": [
        "coherent",
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "zr",
        "dci"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Network OEM",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800ZR, 800G ZR+, 1.6T Coherent-Lite",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": "US$4.77B (FY2025, ended Nov 2025)",
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NYSE: CIEN",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ciena.com/products/wavelogic/wavelogic-6/wavelogic-6-nano",
          "title": "Ciena: WaveLogic 6 Nano",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "coherent_pluggables"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ciena.com/about/newsroom/press-releases/ciena-unveils-1.6-tbs-coherent-pluggable-solution-for-hyperscale-cloud-providers-capacity-surge",
          "title": "Ciena: 1.6 Tb/s coherent pluggable for hyperscale cloud providers",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/936395/000162828025056698/cien-20251101.htm",
          "title": "Ciena: Form 10-K, fiscal 2025",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue",
            "listing"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "cisco-acacia",
      "name": "Cisco (Acacia)",
      "url": "https://acacia-inc.com/",
      "summary": "Cisco sells 800G ZR and ZR+ coherent pluggables in QSFP-DD and OSFP, built by its Acacia unit on the Delphi DSP, for data center interconnect from 120 km to beyond 1,000 km. Cisco was 18.2% of Fabrinet's fiscal 2025 revenue.",
      "tags": [
        "coherent",
        "800g",
        "zr",
        "dci",
        "oem-optics"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Network OEM",
        "top_speed": 800,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G coherent; 1.6T PAM4 DSP and optical engines (components)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "QSFP-DD, OSFP",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "800ZR (120 km), 800G ZR+ (1,000+ km)",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": "Cisco Systems"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/qsfp-dd-osfp-800g-zr-zr-plus-coherent-optics.html",
          "title": "Cisco QSFP-DD and OSFP 800G ZR/ZR+ coherent optics data sheet",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://acacia-inc.com/blog/acacia-expands-client-optics-component-business/",
          "title": "Acacia: expands client optics component business (1.6T)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "parent"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://acacia-inc.com/product/qsfp-dd-product-family/",
          "title": "Acacia: QSFP-DD product family",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "coherent_pluggables"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "coherent",
      "name": "Coherent",
      "url": "https://www.coherent.com/",
      "summary": "Coherent (formerly II-VI and Finisar) builds datacom transceivers from its own lasers up: VCSELs, EMLs, InP CW lasers and silicon photonics. It started revenue shipments of 1.6T transceivers in its fiscal fourth quarter of 2025.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "vcsel",
        "eml",
        "nvidia-partner"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T; 3.2T demonstrated (OFC 2026)",
        "status_16t": "Shipping",
        "form_factors": "OSFP (QSFP-DD versions to follow)",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "200G GaAs VCSEL, 200G InP EML, high-power InP CW laser, silicon photonics PIC",
        "reaches": "DR8 (500 m)",
        "customers": "NVIDIA (named silicon photonics and pluggable partner)",
        "revenue": "US$5.81B (FY2025, ended Jun 2025)",
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NYSE: COHR",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.coherent.com/content/dam/coherent/site/en/documents/investors/financial-releases/2025/august-13/earnings-release-fy25-q4.pdf",
          "title": "Coherent: Q4 and full year fiscal 2025 results (13 Aug 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue",
            "status_16t",
            "listing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.coherent.com/networking/transceivers/datacom/FTCF2519E1PCM",
          "title": "Coherent: 1.6T-DR8 OSFP optical transceiver",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.coherent.com/news/press-releases/coherent-demonstrates-next-gen-pluggable-transceiver-ofc-2026",
          "title": "Coherent: next-generation pluggable transceiver technologies at OFC 2026 (17 Mar 2026)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "laser_types",
            "silicon_photonics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories",
          "title": "NVIDIA: Spectrum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches (18 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "customers"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "credo",
      "name": "Credo",
      "url": "https://credosemi.com/",
      "summary": "Credo supplies Bluebird optical DSPs for 800G and 1.6T modules in full-DSP and linear receive variants, alongside its active electrical cables. Its fiscal 2025 revenue was US$436.8M across the company.",
      "tags": [
        "aec",
        "1-6t",
        "dsp",
        "lro"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "DSP & chips",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G and 1.6T optical DSPs; 1.6T OSFP-XD AEC announced in 2022",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "Bare-die optical DSP; OSFP-XD AEC",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": "US$436.8M (FY2025, ended 3 May 2025)",
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NASDAQ: CRDO",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://credosemi.com/news/credo-announces-1-6tbps-osfp-xd-hiwire-aecs-targeting-hyperscaler-spine-switching/",
          "title": "Credo: 1.6Tbps OSFP-XD HiWire AECs",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors",
            "speeds"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://credosemi.com/products/optical-dsp/bluebird/",
          "title": "Credo: Bluebird 1.6T optical DSP",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "lpo",
            "speeds",
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1807794/000162828025033813/crdo-20250503.htm",
          "title": "Credo: Form 10-K, fiscal 2025",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue",
            "listing",
            "speeds"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eoptolink",
      "name": "Eoptolink",
      "url": "https://www.eoptolink.com/",
      "summary": "Eoptolink makes 400G, 800G and 1.6T pluggables in Chengdu, with EML and silicon photonics options, LPO and LRO variants and 400G ZR/ZR+ coherent modules in mass production. NVIDIA names it among its pluggable transceiver suppliers.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "lpo",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "eml",
        "coherent",
        "china",
        "nvidia-partner"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "100G, 200G, 400G, 800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP, QSFP-DD800, QSFP112, QSFP56-DD",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": "EML, silicon photonics",
        "reaches": "DR8 (500 m), DR8-2 and 2xFR4 (2 km), 400G ZR (120 km), ZR+ (480 km)",
        "customers": "NVIDIA (named pluggable transceiver partner)",
        "revenue": "CN¥24.84B (FY2025, consolidated)",
        "optics_share": "Optical interconnect products: CN¥24.77B, 99.72% of FY2025 revenue",
        "listing": "SZSE: 300502",
        "manufacturing": "China",
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://prnewswire.com/news-releases/eoptolink-releases-osfp-1-6t-dr8-and-2fr4-series-transceivers-for-aiml-clusters-and-cloud-datacenter-networks-302253858.html",
          "title": "Eoptolink: OSFP 1.6T DR8 and 2FR4 transceivers (20 Sep 2024)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "laser_types",
            "reaches",
            "silicon_photonics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.eoptolink.com/",
          "title": "Eoptolink: product overview",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "manufacturing",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://eoptolink.com/news/13-new-products/348-eoptolink-demonstrates-industry-1st-200g-lane-lpos-with-100g-lane-800g-lpos-entering-mass-production",
          "title": "Eoptolink: 200G/lane LPO demo, 800G LPO into mass production (OFC 2024)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "lpo"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories",
          "title": "NVIDIA: Spectrum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches (18 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "customers"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-04-24/1225172598.PDF",
          "title": "Eoptolink FY2025 annual report (CNINFO): company information and revenue tables",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue",
            "listing",
            "optics_share"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "fabrinet",
      "name": "Fabrinet",
      "url": "https://www.fabrinet.com/",
      "summary": "Fabrinet is the contract manufacturer behind a large share of the world's AI optics: optical products were US$2.62B of its US$3.42B fiscal 2025 revenue, with NVIDIA at 27.6% and Cisco at 18.2%.",
      "tags": [
        "contract-manufacturing",
        "nvidia-partner"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Contract manufacturer",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": null,
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": "NVIDIA 27.6%, Cisco 18.2% of FY2025 revenue",
        "revenue": "US$3.42B (FY2025, ended Jun 2025)",
        "optics_share": "Optical communications US$2.62B, 76.6% of FY2025 revenue",
        "listing": "NYSE: FN",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408710/000140871025000039/fn-20250627.htm",
          "title": "Fabrinet: Form 10-K, fiscal 2025",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "customers",
            "revenue",
            "optics_share",
            "listing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories",
          "title": "NVIDIA: Spectrum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches (18 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "customers"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "formerica",
      "name": "Formerica Optoelectronics",
      "url": "https://www.formericaoe.com/",
      "summary": "Formerica specifies the TES-K19BF-CFC 1.6T OSFP224 transceiver for AI and HPC data centers. It uses a silicon photonics modulator and DSP with dual MPO-12/APC optical connectors.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "1.6T (8x200G PAM4)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP224 IHS",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "2xDR4, up to 500 m SMF",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.formericaoe.com/files/TES-K19BF-CFC%20V1.0_1.6T%20OSFP224%202xDR4.pdf",
          "title": "Formerica TES-K19BF-CFC 1.6T datasheet, revision 1.0 (5 Feb 2026)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "gigalight",
      "name": "Gigalight",
      "url": "https://www.gigalight.com/",
      "summary": "Shenzhen-based Gigalight designs and builds pluggable optics from 100G to 1.6T, silicon photonics modules, a 1.6T linear-drive NPO engine under 11 W and a 400G ZR+ coherent module.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "lpo",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "coherent",
        "china"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "100G, 200G, 400G, 800G, 1.6T; 3.2T on roadmap",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "QSFP-DD, OSFP; NPO and CPO engines",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "800G/1.6T 2xDR4; 400G ZR+",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gigalight.com/",
          "title": "Gigalight: company site",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "cpo",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "hengtong",
      "name": "Hengtong (Hengtong Rockley)",
      "url": "https://www.hengtonggroup.com/",
      "summary": "Hengtong markets 800G DR8 and 400G FR4/DR4 transceivers through its Hengtong Rockley business. The cited 800G design uses cooled EMLs and a 7 nm DSP for short single-mode links.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 800,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "QSFP-DD800, QSFP-DD",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "Cooled EML; 400G DR4 EML and silicon photonics variants",
        "reaches": "800G DR8: 500 m; 400G FR4: 2 km; 400G DR4: 500 m",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.hengtonggroup.com/en/home/products/detail/id/23.html",
          "title": "Hengtong optical modules: Hengtong Rockley 800G DR8 and 400G portfolio",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "laser_types",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "hg-genuine",
      "name": "HG Genuine",
      "url": "https://en.genuine-opto.com/",
      "summary": "HG Genuine supplies 800G LPO modules and coherent QSFP-DD optics using in-house silicon photonics. Its OIF demo sheet specifies 800ZR and 400G OpenZR+ reach separately.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 800,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G (OIF demo sheet)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "QSFP112, OSFP, QSFP-DD",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "800G ZR up to 120 km; 400G OpenZR+ up to 480 km; LPO SR4 to 2xFR4",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.oiforum.com/wp-content/uploads/OIF_PLL_Demo_HGGenuine_OFC2024.pdf",
          "title": "HG Genuine OIF demonstration sheet: 800ZR, 400G OpenZR+ and 800G LPO",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "huawei",
      "name": "Huawei",
      "url": "https://www.huawei.com/",
      "summary": "Huawei sells StarryLink optical modules for data center switches, with a catalog spanning GE to 800GE. Its separate 2020 OptiXtrans announcement describes a tunable 200G–800G transport module; it does not identify a ZR pluggable.",
      "tags": [
        "800g",
        "oem-optics"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Network OEM",
        "top_speed": 800,
        "speeds": "GE to 800GE (StarryLink)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": "CN¥862.1B (FY2024, group)",
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://e.huawei.com/en/products/dcn-modules/",
          "title": "Huawei StarryLink product catalog: GE to 800GE",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2020/2/800g-tunable-ultra-high-speed-optical-module",
          "title": "Huawei: industry's first 800G tunable optical module (Feb 2020)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": []
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.huawei.com/en/annual-report/2024",
          "title": "Huawei: 2024 annual report",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "hyper-photonix",
      "name": "Hyper Photonix",
      "url": "https://www.hyperphotonix.com/",
      "summary": "Hyper Photonix designs the HSOM-T16-DR-P8S9 silicon photonics transceiver for 1.6T Ethernet and InfiniBand. The OSFP224 module provides parallel single-mode links with dual MPO-12/APC connectors.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "1.6T; breakout 2x800G or 8x200G",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP224 (closed-top)",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "DR8, up to 500 m SMF",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://hyperphotonix.com/uploads/image/20251204/6930f4fd29fa0.pdf",
          "title": "Hyper Photonix HSOM-T16-DR-P8S9 1.6T OSFP224 DR8 datasheet",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "innolight",
      "name": "InnoLight (Zhongji Innolight)",
      "url": "https://www.innolight.com/",
      "summary": "InnoLight, the transceiver arm of Zhongji Innolight, sells 100G to 1.6T modules to cloud data center operators on two platforms, EML and silicon photonics. It reported CN¥23.86B in 2024 revenue and was first to launch a 1.6T-DR8 OSFP224 LPO.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "lpo",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "eml",
        "coherent",
        "china",
        "nvidia-partner"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "100G, 200G, 400G, 800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP224, OSFP, QSFP-DD, QSFP56-DD",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": "EML, silicon photonics",
        "reaches": "DR8, 2xFR4 (up to 10 km on silicon photonics), 800G ZR/ZR+",
        "customers": "NVIDIA (named pluggable transceiver partner)",
        "revenue": "CN¥23.86B (FY2024)",
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "SZSE: 300308",
        "manufacturing": "China (Suzhou, Tongling)",
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2025-04-21/1223155504.PDF",
          "title": "Zhongji Innolight: 2024 annual report summary (cninfo, Apr 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "laser_types",
            "reaches",
            "revenue",
            "listing",
            "manufacturing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.innolight.com/",
          "title": "InnoLight: company site (800G ZR/ZR+ with Marvell, coherent transceivers)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories",
          "title": "NVIDIA: Spectrum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches (18 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "customers"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "intel-silicon-photonics",
      "name": "Intel (silicon photonics)",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/research/integrated-photonics.html",
      "summary": "Intel put silicon photonics into volume with more than six million 100G transceivers and integrated lasers in use, then handed its pluggable module lines to Jabil in 2023 to focus on silicon photonics components and optical I/O.",
      "tags": [
        "silicon-photonics",
        "history"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": "100G (6M+ transceivers in use); pluggable lines moved to Jabil in 2023",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "Integrated lasers on silicon",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/research/integrated-photonics.html",
          "title": "Intel Labs: integrated photonics research",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "laser_types"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://investors.jabil.com/news/news-details/2023/Jabil-Invests-in-the-Future-of-AI-with-Intel-Silicon-Photonics-Transceiver-Deal/default.aspx",
          "title": "Jabil: Intel silicon photonics transceiver deal (30 Oct 2023)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "jabil",
      "name": "Jabil",
      "url": "https://www.jabil.com/industries/photonics.html",
      "summary": "Jabil took over Intel's silicon photonics pluggable transceiver lines in 2023 and builds 800G and 1.6T OSFP modules on Intel silicon photonics engines, alongside contract photonics manufacturing.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "contract-manufacturing"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Contract manufacturer",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": "Demonstrated",
        "form_factors": "OSFP",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "800G SR8/2xSR4, DR8/DR8+, 2xFR4; 1.6T DR8, DR8+, 2xFR4",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NYSE: JBL",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://investors.jabil.com/news/news-details/2025/Jabil-Launches-1-6T-Pluggable-Transceiver-to-Support-Growing-Demand-for-Intra-Data-Center-and-AI-Connectivity/default.aspx",
          "title": "Jabil launches 1.6T pluggable transceiver (1 Apr 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "status_16t",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://investors.jabil.com/news/news-details/2023/Jabil-Invests-in-the-Future-of-AI-with-Intel-Silicon-Photonics-Transceiver-Deal/default.aspx",
          "title": "Jabil: Intel silicon photonics transceiver deal (30 Oct 2023)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "listing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.jabil.com/dam/jcr:e818f803-b11d-4903-a781-8935b2dc844b/Jabil_800G%20SR8-2xSR4%20Optical%20Transceiver_02.pdf",
          "title": "Jabil: 800G SR8/2xSR4 optical transceiver datasheet",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "juniper",
      "name": "Juniper Networks",
      "url": "https://www.juniper.net/",
      "summary": "Juniper sells branded 800G and 1.6T client optics and JCO800 coherent pluggables. The JCO800 QSFP-DD reaches 120 km at 800ZR and up to 1,800 km at 400G on amplified links.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "coherent",
        "zr",
        "oem-optics"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Network OEM",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "QSFP-DD800, OSFP800, OSFP1600",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "JCO800-QDD-ZR-M-HP: 120 km at 800ZR; 900 km at 600G; up to 1,800 km at 400G QPSK (amplified)",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://networkingdocs.hpe.com/documentation/us/en/hardware/1.6t-optics-cables-guide/1.6t-optics-cables-guide.pdf",
          "title": "Juniper 1.6T optical transceivers and cables guide (Jul 2026)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors",
            "role"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/hardware/800g-optics-cables-guide/800g-optics-cables-guide.pdf",
          "title": "Juniper 800G optical transceivers and cables guide (Oct 2026)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://apps.juniper.net/hct/model/JCO800-QDD-ZR-M-HP/hwspecs",
          "title": "Juniper Pathfinder: JCO800-QDD-ZR-M-HP hardware specifications",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ligent",
      "name": "Ligent (formerly Hisense Broadband)",
      "url": "https://www.ligent.com/",
      "summary": "Ligent, formerly Hisense Broadband, makes optical chips and modules and lists 1.6T OSFP DR4, 2xDR4 and 2xFR4 modules, including LRO variants. Its company profile reports volume production of 800G and 1.6T modules and identifies the HKEX ticker 9856.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "lpo",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "china"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "25G to 1.6T; 3.2T on roadmap",
        "status_16t": "Shipping",
        "form_factors": "OSFP, QSFP-DD, QSFP112, QSFP56, QSFP28, SFP112",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": "10G EML (in-house); VCSEL (800G SR8); EML (800G 2xFR4)",
        "reaches": "1.6T DR4/2xDR4: 500 m; 2xFR4: 2 km; 2xLR4: 10 km; 800ZR: 120 km",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "HKEX: 9856",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ligent.com/",
          "title": "Ligent Technologies: company site",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "listing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oiforum.com/wp-content/uploads/OIF_PLL_Demo_promo_OFC2025-Hisense-Final.pdf",
          "title": "OIF: Hisense 1.6T DR8 demo, OFC 2025",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches",
            "coherent_pluggables"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.oiforum.com/wp-content/uploads/OIF_PLL_Demo_Hisense_OFC2024-1.pdf",
          "title": "OIF: Hisense LPO demo, OFC 2024",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ligent.com/products/products_module/16t/",
          "title": "Ligent 1.6T OSFP product table: DR4, 2xDR4, 2xFR4, LRO and 2xLR4",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.ligent.com/about/profile/",
          "title": "Ligent company profile: 800G/1.6T volume, 10G EML, 9856.HK",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "status_16t",
            "laser_types",
            "listing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.prweb.com/releases/hisense-broadband-multimedia-technologies-co-ltd-hbmt-forms-ligent-inc-by-consolidating-north-american-and-thailand-operations-302414783.html",
          "title": "Hisense Broadband Multimedia Technologies forms Ligent Inc. (press release, Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": []
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "lightmatter",
      "name": "Lightmatter",
      "url": "https://lightmatter.co/",
      "summary": "Lightmatter announced Passage L200 and L200X 3D co-packaged optics engines with 32 and 64 Tb/s aggregate transmit-plus-receive bandwidth. Its M1000 silicon photonics interposer reference platform is specified at 114 Tb/s total optical bandwidth.",
      "tags": [
        "cpo",
        "optical-io",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "scale-up"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Optical I/O & CPO",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": "L200 32 Tb/s and L200X 64 Tb/s total Tx+Rx; M1000 114 Tb/s total optical bandwidth",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "3D co-packaged optics engine; photonic interposer",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://lightmatter.co/press-release/lightmatter-announces-passage-l200-the-fastest-co-packaged-optics-for-ai/",
          "title": "Lightmatter: Passage L200 co-packaged optics (31 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "cpo",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://lightmatter.co/press-release/lightmatter-unveils-passage-m1000-photonic-superchip-worlds-fastest-ai-interconnect/",
          "title": "Lightmatter: Passage M1000 photonic superchip (31 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "linktel",
      "name": "Linktel Technologies",
      "url": "https://www.linkteltech.com/",
      "summary": "Linktel, from Wuhan's Optics Valley, makes 800G LPO modules on silicon photonics and showed 1.6T LPO, LRO and FRO modules at OCP 2026 after the September 2026 LPO-MSA plugfest.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "lpo",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "china"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": "Demonstrated",
        "form_factors": "QSFP-DD, OSFP",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "800G 2DR4, 2FR4; 1.6T 2DR4 LPO",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "SZSE: 301205",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.oiforum.com/wp-content/uploads/OIF_PLL_Demo_LinkTel_OFC2024.pdf",
          "title": "OIF: Linktel 800G LPO demo, OFC 2024",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/apac/news-releases/linktel-technologies-tonjolkan-prestasi-cemerlang-1-6t-lpo-dan-permintaan-pasaran-yang-kukuh-di-ocp-2026--302912321.html",
          "title": "Linktel: 1.6T LPO at OCP 2026 (PR Newswire)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "status_16t",
            "reaches",
            "listing"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "lumentum",
      "name": "Lumentum",
      "url": "https://www.lumentum.com/",
      "summary": "Lumentum supplies the EML lasers inside most 800G and 1.6T modules and sells its own 1.6T OSFP transceivers, including a transmit-retimed (TRO) version at 16 W. Cloud & Networking brought in US$1.41B of its US$1.65B fiscal 2025 revenue.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "eml",
        "cpo-lasers",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "nvidia-partner"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T; 1.6T DR4 with 400G EMLs (prototype)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "EML (200G, 400G differential), ultra-high-power CW lasers for silicon photonics and CPO, VCSEL",
        "reaches": "2xDR4 (500 m)",
        "customers": "NVIDIA (named silicon photonics ecosystem partner)",
        "revenue": "US$1.645B (FY2025, ended Jun 2025)",
        "optics_share": "Cloud & Networking US$1.41B, 86% of FY2025 revenue",
        "listing": "NASDAQ: LITE",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://old.lumentum.com/en/media-room/news-releases/lumentum-announces-fourth-quarter-and-full-fiscal-year-2025-results",
          "title": "Lumentum: fourth quarter and full fiscal year 2025 results (12 Aug 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue",
            "optics_share",
            "listing",
            "role"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.lumentum.com/en/products/16t-2dr4-osfp-transceiver-module",
          "title": "Lumentum: 1.6T 2xDR4 OSFP transceiver module",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.lumentum.com/en/products/16t-2dr4-tro-osfp-transceiver-module",
          "title": "Lumentum: 1.6T 2xDR4 TRO OSFP transceiver module",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "lpo"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://investor.lumentum.com/financial-news-releases/news-details/2026/Lumentum-Demonstrates-Industry-Leading-Technologies-and-Products-for-Scale-Out-Scale-Up-and-Scale-Across-AI-Infrastructure-at-OFC-2026/default.aspx",
          "title": "Lumentum: technologies for scale-out, scale-up and scale-across AI at OFC 2026",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "laser_types"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories",
          "title": "NVIDIA: Spectrum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches (18 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "customers"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "macom",
      "name": "MACOM",
      "url": "https://www.macom.com/",
      "summary": "MACOM sells the analog chipsets and lasers module makers build transceivers and active copper cables from: PAM4 retimers, TIAs, modulator drivers, high-power CW DFB lasers and 200G PIN photodiodes, for links up to 1.6T and 3.2T.",
      "tags": [
        "components",
        "drivers",
        "1-6t"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "DSP & chips",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "25G to 1.6T and 3.2T optical modules",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "Retimers, TIAs, drivers, lasers, photodiodes",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "DFB (2.5G to 50G), 25G Fabry-Perot, high-power CW DFB",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.macom.com/applications/data-center",
          "title": "MACOM: data center applications",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "laser_types",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "marvell",
      "name": "Marvell",
      "url": "https://www.marvell.com/",
      "summary": "Marvell makes the PAM4 DSPs (Ara, the first 3 nm 1.6T DSP), LPO chipsets and COLORZ 800 ZR/ZR+ coherent modules inside AI networks, and bought Celestial AI for optical I/O in February 2026. Data center made up 74% of its US$8.2B fiscal 2026 revenue.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "dsp",
        "lpo",
        "coherent",
        "cpo"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "DSP & chips",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T (Ara 3 nm PAM4 DSP)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "PAM4 and coherent DSP chips; COLORZ 800 pluggable module",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "COLORZ 800: 1,000+ km at 800G; up to 2,000 km at 600G",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": "US$8.2B (FY2026, ended Jan 2026)",
        "optics_share": "Data center US$6.10B, 74% of FY2026 revenue",
        "listing": "NASDAQ: MRVL",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://investor.marvell.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/120/marvell-unveils-industrys-first-3nm-1-6-tbps-pam4-interconnect-platform-to-scale-accelerated-infrastructure",
          "title": "Marvell: industry's first 3nm 1.6 Tbps PAM4 interconnect platform (Ara)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "listing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.marvell.com/solutions/data-center/optical-dsp.html",
          "title": "Marvell: optical DSPs (Ara 1.6T, LPO TIA and driver chipset, COLORZ 800)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "lpo",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.marvell.com/products/optical-modules.html",
          "title": "Marvell: COLORZ 800 DCI optical modules (reach by data rate)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "reaches",
            "coherent_pluggables"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1835632/000183563226000011/mrvl-20260131.htm",
          "title": "Marvell: Form 10-K, fiscal 2026",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "revenue",
            "optics_share"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.marvell.com/company/newsroom/marvell-completes-acquisition-of-celestial-ai.html",
          "title": "Marvell: completes acquisition of Celestial AI",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "cpo"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "maxlinear",
      "name": "MaxLinear",
      "url": "https://www.maxlinear.com/",
      "summary": "MaxLinear announced customer sampling of its Rushmore 1.6T PAM4 DSP in March 2025. It supports 200G lanes and works with the Washington TIA for next-generation optical modules.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "DSP & chips",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "Rushmore: 1.6T, 200G per lane",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NASDAQ: MXL",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.maxlinear.com/news/press-releases/2025/maxlinear-unveils-rushmore%E2%84%A2-low-power-1-6t-pam4-dsp-for-ai-ml-and-data-center-networks",
          "title": "MaxLinear Rushmore sampling announcement (31 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "listing"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "mitsubishi-electric",
      "name": "Mitsubishi Electric",
      "url": "https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/semiconductors/products/opt/index.html",
      "summary": "Mitsubishi Electric supplies optical chips for data center transceivers, including a 200 Gbps PIN photodiode for 800G and 1.6T modules and a 112 GBaud PAM4 EML in development.",
      "tags": [
        "components",
        "eml",
        "1-6t"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T (200G per lane)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "200G EML (112 GBaud PAM4, in development); 200G PIN photodiode",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/semiconductors/products/opt/index.html",
          "title": "Mitsubishi Electric: optical devices",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "laser_types"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "molex",
      "name": "Molex",
      "url": "https://www.molex.com/",
      "summary": "Molex supplies pluggable optics including a 400G OpenZR+ QSFP-DD module for data center interconnect. Its cited optical catalog spans short multimode links through long-reach single-mode links.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 400,
        "speeds": "100M to 400G (cited optical catalog)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "QSFP-DD, OSFP, QSFP28, QSFP+, SFP+, XFP, SFP",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "100 m or less; 300 m, 500 m, 2 km, 10 km, 40 km, 80 km and beyond",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.molex.com/en-us/products/optical-solutions/optical-transceivers",
          "title": "Molex optical transceiver catalog: 400G OpenZR+, form factors and reaches",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "nokia-infinera",
      "name": "Nokia (Infinera)",
      "url": "https://www.nokia.com/optical-networks/icex-800g-zr-zr-plus/",
      "summary": "Nokia offers ICE-X 800G ZR/ZR+ coherent pluggables and ICE-D 1.6T DR8 linear pluggable optics. Infinera became part of Nokia on 28 February 2025.",
      "tags": [
        "coherent",
        "800g",
        "zr",
        "indium-phosphide",
        "dci"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Network OEM",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "400G and 800G coherent; 1.6T DR8 LPO",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "QSFP-DD800 and OSFP",
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": true,
        "laser_types": "Monolithic indium phosphide PIC (ICTR140 TROSA)",
        "reaches": "ICE-X 800G ZR+: 1,700+ km; ICE-D 1.6T DR8 LPO: 500 m",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": "US (InP fab, California)",
        "parent": "Nokia (Infinera acquired Feb 2025)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.nokia.com/optical-networks/icex-800g-zr-zr-plus/",
          "title": "Nokia: ICE-X 800G ZR/ZR+",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "coherent_pluggables",
            "laser_types",
            "reaches",
            "manufacturing",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nokia.com/asset/i/215394/",
          "title": "Nokia: 800G ZR/ZR+ pluggable coherent modules data sheet",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "form_factors"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nokia.com/newsroom/nokia-completes-acquisition-of-infinera-to-create-innovation-powerhouse-in-optical-networks-with-the-scale-to-power-the-data-center-revolution/",
          "title": "Nokia completes acquisition of Infinera (28 Feb 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "parent"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.nokia.com/optical-networks/ice-d-1600g-dr8-lpo/",
          "title": "Nokia ICE-D 1600G DR8 LPO: OSFP, 1.6T and 500 m reach",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "lpo",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "nvidia-linkx",
      "name": "NVIDIA (LinkX)",
      "url": "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/networking/interconnect/",
      "summary": "NVIDIA sells its own LinkX transceivers and cables up to 1.6T for its Quantum and Spectrum switches and ConnectX NICs, and builds co-packaged optics into Quantum-X and Spectrum-X Photonics switches with 800 Gb/s ports.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "cpo",
        "silicon-photonics",
        "infiniband",
        "oem-optics"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Network OEM",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G, 1.6T; 200G PAM4 lanes",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP (IHS and RHS), QSFP-DD, QSFP112",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "DR4 (500 m), FR4 (2 km)",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NASDAQ: NVDA",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/networking/interconnect/",
          "title": "NVIDIA LinkX: transceivers and cables for AI factory networks",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "cpo",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories",
          "title": "NVIDIA: Spectrum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches (18 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "cpo",
            "listing"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "o-net",
      "name": "O-Net Technologies",
      "url": "https://www.o-netcom.com/",
      "summary": "O-Net lists 1.6T OSFP DR8 and 2xFR4 transceivers using silicon photonics transmitters, alongside 800G OSFP modules and active optical cables.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "1.6T DR8, 2xFR4; 800G SR8, DR8, 2xFR4",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "http://n.o-netcom.com/m/products.aspx?TypeId=77&fid=t3%3A77%3A3",
          "title": "O-Net data center product catalog: 1.6T OSFP silicon photonics transceivers",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "poet-technologies",
      "name": "POET Technologies",
      "url": "https://www.poet-technologies.com/",
      "summary": "POET builds optical engines on its optical interposer platform, with 1.6T 2xFR4 and DR8 transmit and receive engines and an 800G 2xFR4 receive engine, sold to module makers.",
      "tags": [
        "optical-engines",
        "1-6t",
        "800g"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Optical I/O & CPO",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "Optical engines on optical interposer",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "2xFR4, DR8",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "NASDAQ: POET",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.poet-technologies.com/",
          "title": "POET Technologies: optical interposer and engines",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "reaches",
            "listing"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ranovus",
      "name": "Ranovus",
      "url": "https://ranovus.com/",
      "summary": "Ranovus makes Odin multi-terabit optical engines for co-packaged and near-packaged optics, with its own quantum dot and quantum well lasers; the Odin 128 carries 12.8 Tb/s for XPU and switch scale-up.",
      "tags": [
        "cpo",
        "optical-engines",
        "scale-up"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Optical I/O & CPO",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": "12.8 Tb/s (Odin 128 engine)",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "Optical engines for CPO and NPO",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "Quantum dot and quantum well lasers (proprietary)",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://ranovus.com/",
          "title": "Ranovus: Odin optical engines",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "cpo",
            "form_factors",
            "laser_types"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "semtech",
      "name": "Semtech",
      "url": "https://www.semtech.com/",
      "summary": "Semtech supplies FiberEdge and DirectEdge analog laser drivers and transimpedance amplifiers for retimed and linear pluggable optics. These components support optical module designs from 400G through 1.6T.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "DSP & chips",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "400G, 800G, 1.6T optical module applications",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": true,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.semtech.com/products/signal-integrity/data-center",
          "title": "Semtech data center signal integrity: FiberEdge and DirectEdge drivers and TIAs",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "lpo"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "shijia",
      "name": "Shijia Photons",
      "url": "https://sjphotons.com/",
      "summary": "Shijia supplies AWG chips, fiber-array assemblies and laser chips for optical module makers. Its first-half 2026 filing reports small-batch shipments of AWG components for 1.6T modules and fiber-array components for CPO.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": "Components for 800G and 1.6T modules",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "AWG chips and assemblies; MT-FA-lens; FAU components for CPO",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "100mW CW DFB in volume; 400mW CW DFB in small batches; 100G EML in customer validation",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "SSE: 688313",
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-08-01/1225451928.PDF",
          "title": "Shijia 2026 half-year report, pp. 1 and 16: listing, AWG/FAU and laser development",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "speeds",
            "laser_types",
            "listing",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "source-photonics",
      "name": "Source Photonics",
      "url": "https://www.sourcephotonics.com/",
      "summary": "Source Photonics ships 1.6T and 800G transceivers built on its own 200G-per-lane EMLs, with silicon photonics and InP PIC variants of its 1.6T DR8, from sites in the US, Taiwan and China.",
      "tags": [
        "1-6t",
        "800g",
        "eml",
        "inp-pic"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G, 1.6T (200G per lane)",
        "status_16t": "Shipping",
        "form_factors": "OSFP, QSFP-DD",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": true,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "200G PAM4 EML (in-house), InP PIC, silicon photonics",
        "reaches": "1.6T DR8, 2xFR4; 800G DR4, FR4, LR4",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.sourcephotonics.com/?p=15111",
          "title": "Source Photonics: availability of 200G-per-lane 1.6T and 800G transceivers (1 Apr 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "status_16t",
            "form_factors",
            "silicon_photonics",
            "laser_types",
            "reaches"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://lightwaveonline.com/home/article/14305462/source-photonics-single-lambda-200-gbps-pam4-eml-chip-for-16t",
          "title": "Lightwave: Source Photonics single-lambda 200 Gbps PAM4 EML chip for 1.6T",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "laser_types"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "sumitomo-electric",
      "name": "Sumitomo Electric",
      "url": "https://sumitomoelectric.com/",
      "summary": "Sumitomo Electric supplies EML, continuous-wave and tunable laser sources for optical networks. It has also announced a 400G FR4 QSFP-DD module; its data center growth strategy emphasizes optical devices and substrates.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": "400G FR4 module; EML and CW sources for high-speed optics",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "Laser chips, tunable light sources; QSFP-DD (400G module)",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "EML, CW-LD, wavelength-tunable laser sources",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://sumitomoelectric.com/sites/default/files/2025-11/download_documents/Growth%20strategy%20for%20data%20center-related%20business_2025.pdf",
          "title": "Sumitomo Electric data center strategy (13 Nov 2025), pp. 10–12",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "laser_types"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://global-sei.com/company/press/2018/03/prs023.html",
          "title": "Sumitomo Electric QSFP-DD 400G-FR4 availability (13 Mar 2018)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "speeds",
            "form_factors"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "ts-communications",
      "name": "T&S Communications",
      "url": "https://www.china-tscom.com/",
      "summary": "T&S introduced an 800G OSFP transceiver with an MMC optical interface in March 2026. The module uses dual 400G channels and covers DR8 and SR8 architectures for high-density switching.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 800,
        "speeds": "800G aggregate, dual 400G channels",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": "OSFP with MMC optical interface",
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "DR8 and SR8 architectures",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.china-tscom.com/ts-introduces-800g-osfp-mmc-interface-optical-transceiver.html",
          "title": "T&S 800G OSFP MMC interface optical transceiver (16 Mar 2026)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "form_factors",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "te-connectivity",
      "name": "TE Connectivity",
      "url": "https://www.te.com/",
      "summary": "TE Connectivity offers optical transceivers for cloud, AI and high-performance computing networks, complementing its active optical cables. Its published portfolio includes 200G through 1.6T modules.",
      "tags": [],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Module maker",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "200G, 400G, 800G, 1.6T",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": "Less than 100 m to 2 km (portfolio range)",
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": null,
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.te.com/en/products/fiber-optics/intersection/optical-transceiver.html",
          "title": "TE Connectivity optical transceiver portfolio and distance range",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "reaches"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "tfc-optical",
      "name": "TFC Optical Communication",
      "url": "https://www.tfcsz.com/",
      "summary": "Suzhou TFC (Tianfu) supplies the passive optics and 800G and 1.6T optical engines inside other makers' modules and is a named partner in NVIDIA's silicon photonics ecosystem. Its 2025 revenue was CN¥5.11B, 58% from active optical components.",
      "tags": [
        "optical-engines",
        "1-6t",
        "cpo",
        "components",
        "china",
        "nvidia-partner"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": 1600,
        "speeds": "800G and 1.6T optical engines",
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": true,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": null,
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": "NVIDIA (named silicon photonics partner); largest customer 63.9% of 2025 revenue",
        "revenue": "CN¥5.11B (FY2025)",
        "optics_share": "Active optical components 58.1%, passive 40.4% of 2025 revenue",
        "listing": null,
        "manufacturing": "China (Gao'an, Jiangxi), Thailand (Chonburi)",
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/app/sehk/2026/108432/a131859/sehk26041000755.pdf",
          "title": "TFC: HKEX application proof, Business section (Apr 2026)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "top_speed",
            "speeds",
            "cpo",
            "customers",
            "revenue",
            "optics_share",
            "manufacturing"
          ]
        },
        {
          "url": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-spectrum-x-co-packaged-optics-networking-switches-ai-factories",
          "title": "NVIDIA: Spectrum-X Photonics co-packaged optics switches (18 Mar 2025)",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "customers"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    },
    {
      "id": "yuanjie",
      "name": "Yuanjie Semiconductor",
      "url": "https://www.yj-semitech.com/",
      "summary": "Yuanjie makes laser chips in Shaanxi from MOCVD epitaxy to test: 10G to 50G DFB lasers for CWDM and LWDM and high-power CW lasers for data center and carrier links.",
      "tags": [
        "lasers",
        "components",
        "china"
      ],
      "fields": {
        "role": "Lasers & components",
        "top_speed": null,
        "speeds": null,
        "status_16t": null,
        "form_factors": null,
        "lpo": null,
        "cpo": null,
        "silicon_photonics": null,
        "coherent_pluggables": null,
        "laser_types": "10G/25G/50G DFB (CWDM, LWDM), high-power CW lasers",
        "reaches": null,
        "customers": null,
        "revenue": null,
        "optics_share": null,
        "listing": "SSE: 688498",
        "manufacturing": "China (Shaanxi)",
        "parent": null
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.yj-semitech.com/",
          "title": "Yuanjie Semiconductor: company site",
          "accessed": "2026-11-11",
          "fields": [
            "role",
            "laser_types",
            "listing",
            "manufacturing"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "verifiedAt": "2026-11-11",
      "featured": false
    }
  ]
}
